What are Biodegradable Food Containers?

Biodegradable food containers are packaged in materials that break down naturally into compost and nutrient-rich soil. This is a significant contribution to reducing overall waste and helping the environment.

The biodegradability of packaging is determined by the molecular structure of the polymer chain and the strength of that structure. Some biodegradable packaging may not break down as quickly as non-biodegradable packages, such as those made from PET or PP, because of the strong carbon chains that make up these types of plastics.

Other biodegradable packaging materials have a weaker molecular structure and can be broken down quickly by microorganisms in the environment. Examples of these biodegradable materials include cellulose, PLA, and a blend of both.

Fossil-Based Polymers:
Some types of plastic are made from fossil fuels, which humans have buried beneath the earth over thousands of years. These types of plastics have a stronger, more durable molecular structure than biodegradable plastics, but they still break down over time.
This type of plastic is typically labeled as “non-biodegradable.” Unlike biodegradable plastics, fossil-based plastics can’t be safely and efficiently broken down by microorganisms.

Biodegradable Polymers:
Many biodegradable materials can be produced from plant-based or fossil-based sources, and some can also be sourced from waste streams like animal manure or sewage treatment plants. For instance, a polymer called PHA can be derived from bacterial fermentation or from municipal wastewater treatment.

These biodegradable materials can be used in place of traditional petroleum-based plastics, as they provide the durability and reliability of plastic while ensuring that it breaks down over time in an environmentally friendly way. However, research into this field has found that these biodegradable materials have some drawbacks and challenges.